Islam And Worship Essays - Allah, God In Islam, Al-Qalam, Imamate

Islam And Worship In the name of Allah, the beneficent, the merciful. Praise be to Allah lord of the worlds. Some people claim that Muslims worship one of the pagan gods of the Arabs. Allah, according to these people, is only the name of those idols chosen by Muhammad as his god out of 360 idols worshiped by pre-Islamic Arabs. The best answer to these claims comes from the holy quran, the final word of god almighty. According to the Quran Muslims worship the same almighty god of Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad (peace be upon all of them). They submit to the divine being, the creator of the universe. Allah is the proper name of god in Arabic. It simply means the one and only God. Here is how the quran introduces Allah. It refers to the one and only god the almighty, the lord of all creation. He is Allah, the one and only! Allah, the eternally besought of all, he begets not, nor was he begotten and there is none equal to him. May Allah open the hearts and minds of people to return to him alone. Only then can they succeed. Hinduism, what is Hinduism? To worship something that mankind them self-made? Something that can break and then be replaced? Something that can neither talk nor hear? Something that could neither hurt nor curse any one? I am just curious and want to know how can human create something from their own hands and then start to worship it. Then if human made the idols who made Human? Who made the worlds, the earth, heaven, the sky, the moon, the sun, the stars, the animals the plants and who made everything that the earth contains, before the idols were created by men? Did the idols make them? But, how could have the idols that refer to gods in Hinduism make them when humans made the idols after the world was created? How can we make something yesterday and tomorrow start to worship it? Then believe that it's powerful when we our selves the human have the power to create it? I just want to know and research more about the answers to my questions, so if you have any answers please explain to me. Allah! There is no god but he, He is the creator of the worlds, the human, the sun, the moon, stars, heaven, earth and everything that the earth contains, he is the alive, the eternal; neither slumber nor sleep overtakes him. Unto him belongs all that is in heavens and what is on earth. Who is he that intercedes with him except by his leave? He knows that which is before them and that which is after them; while they encompass nothing of his knowledge save according to his will. His chair contains the heavens and the earth; and he is never weary of preserving them, and he is the sublime, the tremendous. (2:255) The quran is one of the books of Allah besides, injil, zabur, tawrat, All these four books are the books of Allah they are the words of Allah himself. Eventhough as the years went by men have changed the words of Allah and made themselves go astray, but Allah has promised humankind that he himself is looking over the quern, (he's last book) so no one can change a dot from it. Allah has kept his promise, until this day not even one word in the quran has been changed or ever will be changed,all the words or even dots in the qurans all over the world are the same. All books of allah had only one message that there is only one god, he is the creator of worlds and everything that is contained in the heavens and earth, but the people changed Allah's words and went astray, not knowing that they belong to Allah and oneday they will return to him. Islam is a religion that teaches Muslims to love one another weather a believer or non believer, we are all the children of Adam and Eve which therefore makes us all brother and sister .We are all the creation of god, god loves us all and only wants the best for us. Like parents whom wants the best for their children so does Allah want for us. Allah (god) has given us so much, he has made the earth like a carpet in order for us to walk on, He has given us sight so that

Specific Heat Worked Example Problem

Specific Heat Worked Example Problem This worked example problem demonstrates how to calculate the specific heat of a substance when given the amount of energy used to change the substances temperature. Specific Heat Equation and Definition First, lets review what specific heat is and what equation you use to find it. Specific heat is defined as the amount of heat per unit mass needed to increase the temperature by one degree Celsius (or by 1 Kelvin). Usually, the lowercase letter c is used to denote specific heat. The equation is written: Q mcΔT (remember by thinking em-cat) where Q is the heat that is added, c is specific heat, m is mass and ΔT is the change in temperature. The usual units used for quantities in this equation are degrees Celsius for temperature (sometimes Kelvin), grams for mass, and specific heat reported in calorie/gram  °C, joule/gram  °C, or joule/gram K. You can also think of specific heat as heat capacity per mass basis of a material. When working a problem, youll either be given the specific heat values and asked to find one of the other values or else asked to find specific heat. There are published tables of molar specific heats of many materials. Note the specific heat equation does not apply for phase changes. This is because the temperature does not change. Specific Heat Problem It takes 487.5 J to heat 25 grams of copper from 25  °C to 75  °C. What is the specific heat in Joules/g ·Ã‚ °C?Solution:Use the formulaq mcΔTwhereq heat energym massc specific heatΔT change in temperaturePutting the numbers into the equation yields: 487.5 J (25 g)c(75  °C - 25  °C)487.5 J (25 g)c(50  °C)Solve for c:c 487.5 J/(25g)(50  °C)c 0.39 J/g ·Ã‚ °CAnswer:The specific heat of copper is 0.39 J/g ·Ã‚ °C.

Buyer and consumer behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Buyer and consumer behaviour - Assignment Example As a result the brand performance of these companies is better than Nando’s. This first food company has low brand awareness and for this reason Nando’s is earning less revenue than other. Duplication of the Purchase Law has been highlighted in this case. Importance of brand attitude regarding Nando’s is focused in this assignment. Brand salience is important for this company. For this reasons various issues have been highlighted in this assignment regarding the implementation of various salient features in Nando’s. Factors related to demographic segmentation which influence the performance of the company have been focused here. The major competitive brands of Nando’s are McDonalds, Hungry Jacks, KFC, Subway etc. All of these brands are able to capture huge amount of market share and customers. All the competitive brands have implemented effective marketing strategies for which they are able to penetrate their target market efficiently. With the innovative food products KFC, McDonalds, Subway etc are able to satisfy their customers. They have made a good connection with the customers and establish strong relationship with them. The company Nando’s has its business in many countries of the world but it is not so efficient in its marketing strategies. For this reason the company is not able to beat its competitors. Most of the people prefer purchasing food products form McDonalds’, KFC, Hungry Jacks and Subway. As a result the purchasing frequencies of these companies’ products are higher than Nandos. The buyer of Nando’s purchases its food products 1.1 times for a given per iod of time. This company is able to penetrate only 23% of its target market. The brand Nandos does not have any loyal customer. But all of its competitive brands except Subway have many loyal customers. This is one of the important reason for which the sale of Nandos

The influence of great opinionated powers on international law Essay

The influence of great opinionated powers on international law - Essay Example Precisely, it has the capability to mould the jurisdiction according to its desire and enforce it to prevent any operation globally that it cannot stop without any legal procedure. Basic function of international law is to bring peace and calm around the glob. In the primitive ages when the world was not much civilized, there used to be constant wars usually for land acquisition, to strengthen an empire or an urge to conquer a vast area in order to leave a distinctive mark on the fabric of history. In those days it was easier to manage the municipal criminological affairs as compared to today's world, because the states had powers to handle the local problems. But unlike today, there lacked a system to manage peace among nations or states because the reason could be an intense sense of self esteem and great height of confidence on armies. Hence, the rulers preferred to ruin the weaker states and hold them under their empire. In this way they used to kill the peace and bust the basic human rights. As the time passed and with the development of human intellect, church began to mediate the international disputes. Particularly in the era when nations had a fashion to self govern themselves, church was the supreme power to handle international and to some extent local problems. This practice was also undertaken in ancient civilizations such as Greeks and Egyptian civilizations. Modern international law is often affirmed as a product of modern European civilization as well as Egyptian Pharaohs entered into treaties of alliance, peace extraditions, and the treatment of envoys with neighboring kings as early as the 14th century. But they could not make an adjustment with European law by all means. As a result the purpose of peace remained disputed. As Becker (2006, p.149) says, "International law is the product of special civilization of the Europe and forms a highly artificial system of which principles were not understood by civilizations differently civilized" Concept Of Sovereignty Further consolidations brought the international law to a phase where the idea of sovereignty came into existence. It was considered that peace was the major ingredient for the survival and progress. So in 15th century a new trend evolved, and that was, representatives of all the nations were gathered under one roof and every issue was resolved on the basis of treaties and debates rather than wars or by the use of powers. So in other words the trend of domestic law was reshaped into a broad spectrum or in modern sense international law. In the 14th and 15th centuries there was a modification that rather than self governing the states used to send their representative that reflects the problems of state in front of the sovereign authority and then a common treaty was passed in consent with all the representatives. Their motive used to be to avoid war and bring more peace. During 14th and 15th centuries the practice of establishing resident missions started in Italy. By this time the practice of arguing in front of adversary's council or assembly had apparently become obsolete. The envoy was expected to be in constant touch with receiving sovereign and to join or oppose intrigues in order to safeguard the interests of his master. Murty (1989, p4) demonstrates, "during the following two

Trust Is Integrity, Honesty, and Reliability Essay

Trust Is Integrity, Honesty, and Reliability - Essay Example Many people argue about the meaning of trust, but the most important aspect of trust in personal and professional relationships is the way we build it together through integrity, honesty, and reliability.   The idea that trust is a one-dimension trait is widely spread, but I find it to be a multi-dimensional act as different aspects have to be taken into account when it comes to building and keeping trust in our personal and professional relationships. Trust in integrity, honesty, and reliability is considered as such by many people.   Some of them equal trust to only one of those dimensions, but I find it useful to deal with the issue of trust as a multi-dimensional trait.   Trust is more a process than a permanent state of affairs.   Trust must be built and kept alive on an ongoing basis, so many factors have to be taken into consideration when we speak about trust in our personal and professional relationships. Indeed trust takes a lot of effort to be built and maintained alive.   It is easy to think of trust as integrity, or as honesty, or as reliability alone.   But if we take a close look at trust, we will find that it takes those three dimensions together to build and keep trust on a daily basis. That is so because if one of the ingredients is missing, we will end up being untrustworthy in the eyes of people. Looking at trust from a multi-dimensional point of view will keep us from making unnecessary mistakes, and at the same time, we will enjoy the benefits of healthy relationships.... Our good will and our efforts to achieve trustworthiness bring happiness and well-being to our souls here and now. Essay 2: Argument. Trust Is Built and Kept Through Integrity, Honesty, and Reliability. Introduction. Many people argue about the meaning of trust, but the most important aspect of trust in personal and professional relationships is the way we build it together through integrity, honesty, and reliability. The idea that trust is a one-dimension trait is widely spread, but I find it to be a multi-dimensional act as different aspects have to be taken into account when it comes to building and keeping trust in our personal and professional relationships. Building and Keeping Trust. Trust as integrity, honesty, and reliability is considered as such by many people. Some of them equal trust to only one of those dimensions, but I find it useful to deal with the issue of trust as a multi-dimensional trait. Trust is more a process than a permanent state of affairs. Trust must be built and kept alive on an ongoing basis, so many factors have to be taken into consideration when we speak about trust in our personal and professional relationships. Indeed trust takes a lot of effort to be built and maintained alive. It is easy to think of trust as integrity, or as honesty, or as reliability alone. But if we take a close look at trust, we will find that it takes those three dimensions together to build and keep trust on a daily basis. That is so because if one of the ingredients is missing, we will end up being untrustworthy in the eyes of people. We need a good mix of integrity, honesty, and reliability in order to build and establish a

Leadership roles and work experience

Leadership roles and work experience I have always wanted options, security and authority. With these dreams, I have always wanted to get into leadership roles some day and thus I want to do a program that specializes in this subject area. My leadership roles and work experience have provided me with an excellent introduction to business, and they have sparked my interest in management, administration and finance. Taking into consideration my background is more engineering and information technology oriented I decided that graduate business school will be a very good decision. At this point in my life, I consider a MBA to be necessary since I need to gain a broader understanding of finance and to sharpen my analytical skills in order to be successful in corporate management. MBA program will allow me to concentrate in finance, strengthen my global business perspective, and provide me with the opportunity to study with and learn from people with varied backgrounds. The schools location in the financial city and in one of the most diverse cities in the world also suits me perfectly. Aside from advancing my career, I would also like to develop personally. Here I will develop my abilities to anticipate client needs and to engineer solutions that address these needs. In approximately 5 years, I will have the experience necessary to take on upper-level management responsibilities. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. Maintaining the integrity of the firm is vital and errors are disastrous. When training new group members, I stress this point most thoroughly. I work in a group that currently has six members. The group serves as a central source of information for the firm, and its success relies on an extraordinary amount of cooperation from each of us. As a senior member, I am able to contribute to the group in several ways including: training group members, controlling the quality of the groups output, managing and accurately completing multiple requests with short turnaround times, gathering and conveying information, collecting and calcul ating data, maintaining databases, overseeing projects aimed at making long-term improvements to the groups processes, and strengthening my own foundation of knowledge to be used as a resource. Though I am an excellent team player, in business school I would like to sharpen my managerial skills. I have found that I need to overcompensate for my â€Å"soft† appearance in order to get my point across. I hope to improve my negotiating skills and to gain more experience in getting group members to carry their own weight. At the same time, I do not want to become a tyrant. To be effective, it is important for a manager to maintain the proper balance of power and compassion. Only in this way, will I be able to lead a team of people to realizing the goals of a firm. To satisfy my desire for success, I must continue my education. . I am very excited about entering an MBA program that will allow me to focus on my interest in finance as well as provide me with the career possibilities and exposure to resources, such as networks and learning tools, which I do not currently have. I know that my investment of time, energy, and money will be well rewarded. At this point in my life, I believe I have great potential to gain much from a business degree since I have been exposed to the business environment for the past five and a half years. I now posses a strong foundation to build upon and I am ready to assume the rigors and challenges of the MBA program. If one were to ask my friends to describe me they would describe me as a very pleasant, diverse, active and intelligent man. I think one of my most distinguishing characteristics is the diversity of experiences I possess. I am a science student with a flair for the arts. I am someone with technical aptitude and an interest in management. I also have a passion for traveling and understanding different cultures of the world. All these elements have given me a very broad outlook, with varying degrees of knowledge in a range of topics. I strongly believe that although some are not related directly, all these qualities will influence my graduate work.

A College Student’s Approach to Courtly Love Essay -- Relationships Li

A College Student’s Approach to Courtly Love The term "courtly love" is a highly ambiguous one. As it applies to works of literature, it spans over hundreds of years and over a half dozen countries. Hence finding its specific literary and allegorical definition and impact on literature is difficult. It is important to understand the roots of courtly love. To do so means that one gains a greater understanding of the most foundational element of any society- the relationship between men and women. If a student of literature holds only a vague understanding of courtly love, then he or she holds only a vague understanding of medieval culture. In turn when this student moves on to various other periods of British literature, they will have a nearly impossible time determining in what ways the dynamics of romantic relationships and marriage have changed. In this paper I will work to find a concise yet comprehensive definition for courtly love that may be useful to students of literature. Additionally I will explore the impact of courtly love on the literature in which it makes appearances. Finally I will examine the contemporary understanding of this term and how it is relevant to contemporary times. Gaston Paris first coined the term "amour courteious" in 1883. In this, it is clear that the French have had a tremendous impact on the spread of this phenomenon in literature (as with the French troubadours). Courtly love certainly functions on two levels. We must distinguish these two uses of the word- to describe experience and to denote a genre. In the first it is a set of codes that regulates the interaction between two lovers. There are set rules that were often unspoken at the time. In this sense it is not so much a term ... ...e if we have no starting point? Women searching for liberation from social customs and restrictions cannot find it without empathizing with those who came before them. Inner conflicts between human nature and social well being that men experience must be dealt with in some way. If he knows the attempts proposed before him, he can save time and effort in reserving from investing in these. For any reader of any time period of the courtly love tradition, these questions and should remain in mind. The answers may give us a new direction to move in as we reread the classics and write our own. Works Cited Ford, Boris. Medieval Literature. Part Two: The Eurpean Inheritance. New York, 1983. O’Donogue, Bernard. The Courtly Love Tradition. New Jersey, 1982. Stevens, J.E. Medieval Romance. London, 1973. Zumthor, Paul. Speaking of the Middle Ages. Lincoln, 1986.

Merck and River Blindness Essay

1. Why was Merck hesitant about developing a human version of Ivermectin? Merck considered this opportunity as a high risk investment. The cost of developing the drug was estimated at $100 million. Even if it was successful to cure river blindness the victims were too poor to afford the drug. There was no way to distribute it in these rural areas were the victims were located. In addition, there was a possibility that people would misuse the drugs, which would cause negative side effects and stimulate bad press for Merck. During this time, healthcare costs were on the rise, Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements were limited for companies developing drugs like Merck. Congress was also about to pass an act that would make it easier for competitors to copy and market generic drugs. All of this opposition made Merck hesitant about developing Ivermectin. 2. What were the benefits and cost of developing a human version of Ivermectin? The case described benefits of the new drug as a low-cost, safe, and simple cure for river blindness. The current residents suffering from this parasite did not have funds to afford alternate treatments like expensive hospital visits or other drug options that are required for a cure. As reported in the reading, the condition is caused by a worm that is passed through the bite of a black fly along the tropical areas of Africa and Latin America. The worm then burrows under the skin and continues to grow up to a length of two feet. As the worm reproduces, it releases millions of offspring that slowly wriggle underneath the skin until invading the eyes, eventually causing blindness. Victims often commit suicide due to the pain and itching that this parasite causes. The development of this drug would relieve victims from immense suffering and potential blindness. It would also lead to a possibility of brand m arketing for Merck the area of treatment. Foreseen costs include a potential $100 million to develop the drug. This cost includes a large amount of time for extensive testing of the drug and its side effects on humans. After testing is completed, Merck would be required to distribute the drug to victims within the affected rural areas. The distribution cost would be high as there are no distributors already established in these rural areas. There was also a risk that there would not  be large enough revenue to regain money spent in the research and development of the drug. 3. Why did Dr. P. Roy Vagelos and his team ultimately decide to develop a human version of Ivermectin? The case provided motives why Roy and his team decided to develop the drug. After conducting several earnest meetings with his management team, they eventually decided that the benefits that the drug had concerning its effect on river blindness were too significant. Many managers felt Merck was morally obligated to develop the drug despite the cost and slim chance of economic reward. They decided to move forward with the development of Ivermectin in order to contribute to the welfare and interests of society. 4. How do you think Merck’s Investments in the human version of Ivermectin created value for its stakeholders and corporate goodwill? Upon learning about victims suffering from river blindness, Merck realized that they had a potential cure to the problem. With this knowledge Merck had a corporate social responsibility to develop a drug because they now had an obligation to take action that could possibly contribute to the welfare and interests of society, as well as the organization and its stakeholders. Each stakeholder (which is any person who has a direct or indirect relationship with the organization) could feel and see the value that this project could provide. As people invest time and money into an organization they want to experience a return of their investment. One of the greatest returns a person can experience is seeing someone’s life change for the better. This investment of each stakeholder’s time and money in a human version of Ivermectin would create a high level of value for the entire organization and the corporate goodwill.

Internet Small Computer System Interface Essay

A heterogeneous network of both IP-based SAN’s and FCP-based SAN’s should be setup based on a standard naming convention in order to facilitate communication between the client applications and the SAN which stores information. The network architecture should ideally be setup using a naming convention which is simple and precise, whilst facilitating communication between all of the network resources. This technique is based on having a convention which links a variety of technologies together as well as other resources seen on a network. A heterogeneous network consists of various network nodes with various protocols and operating systems in operation together. In the case of a Storage Area Network (SAN), the various operating systems in use on the network need to be able to see the remote storage volumes as if they are locally attached, therefore speed is essential to the successful working of a SAN. The use of a descriptive naming convention is also important as it means problem identification can be made easier and helps to minimize operator errors on the network. There are a number of protocols in operation on every network, and the need for an efficient protocol for SAN use is paramount. The current options for running a SAN are to use standard TCP/IP protocols namely the Internet Small Computer System Interface (iSCSI) protocol, or to use a specific protocol called FCP which usually operates over bespoke fiber infrastructure. These protocols are different in the way they operate, however can in fact be used together to improve the performance of a SAN. A naming convention suitable for a TCP/IP based network is very different to a naming convention for an FCP based network. TCP/IP is a network protocol which is used for communication between resources on a standard LAN, however FCP is a protocol which sends SCSI commands via a fiber optic cable to remote storage devices. The iSCSI protocol allows various network storage resources to be identified and used over standard network protocols, which requires compliance with the standard network naming policy, yet which enables the specific nature of their operation to be identified. Naming conventions for the LAN and SCSI storage devices should comply with standard network naming conventions. The servers and iSCSI devices which operate on a network should be been named in compliance with a standard policy and should be unique on the switch fabric of the network. Standard SAN naming conventions should be created with a few factors in mind, each component should be named based on its physical location, what it connects to, which database it is used by, and another unique field of identification. Naming conventions are important because they can save administrators time and effort, and must be created whilst considering many factors. Initially there must be a system whereby network names are created centrally and uniquely so that duplicate records are not made. This naming approach must be consistent throughout the network, and it must be applied across the entire organization regardless of location or operation. This element of the naming convention helps to prevent the duplicity or confusion of network names and is required to enable a high performance network to operate. This issue is not so important when dealing with an FCP-based SAN, because the devices are connected by a separate network of fiber which cannot usually be accessed by resources on the standard network which do not use specific applications or databases. In conclusion the operation of a storage area network relies on speed and an efficient and effective naming system which is able to be managed, diagnosed and repaired where necessary in the simplest and most cost effective way possible. This must be done consistently when using the standard TCP/IP protocol, however specific FCP SAN protocol allows for a much simpler convention.

Pakistan, India and the Second Kashmir War

Pakistan, India and the Second Kashmir War In 1965, India and Pakistan fought their second of three major wars since 1947 over Kashmir. The United States was largely to blame for setting the stage for war. The United States in the 1960s was an arms supplier to both India and Pakistanunder the condition that neither side would use the weapons to fight each other. The weapons were ostensibly designed to counter communist Chinas influence in the region. The condition, imposed by the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, was a naive reflection of American misunderstandings that would plague American policy there for decades. Had the United States not supplied either sides with tanks and jets, fighting would likely not have resulted, as Pakistan would not have had the air power to take on the Indian military, which was eight times the size of Pakistans. (India had 867,000 men under arms at the time, Pakistan just 101,000). Pakistan, however, allied itself in 1954 with the United States through the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, leading neutralist India to accuse Pakistan of positioning itself for an American-backed attack. U.S. arms supplies in the 1960s fed the fears. We warned our friends that this aid would not be used against China, but against Pakistan, Pakistani President Ayub Khan, who ruled Pakistan from 1958 to 1969, complained in September 1965 of American arms flowing to India, too. Ayud, of course, was being brazenly hypocritical as he had also dispatched American-made fighter jets against Indian forces in Kashmir. The second war over Kashmir, never declared, broke out on Aug. 15, 1965 and lasted until a UN-brokered cease-fire on Sept. 22. The war was inconclusive, costing the two sides a combined 7,000 casualties but gaining them little. According to the U.S. Library of Congress Country Studies on Pakistan, Each side held prisoners and some territory belonging to the other. Losses were relatively heavyon the Pakistani side, twenty aircraft, 200 tanks, and 3,800 troops. Pakistans army had been able to withstand Indian pressure, but a continuation of the fighting would only have led to further losses and ultimate defeat for Pakistan. Most Pakistanis, schooled in the belief of their own martial prowess, refused to accept the possibility of their countrys military defeat by Hindu India and were, instead, quick to blame their failure to attain their military aims on what they considered to be the ineptitude of Ayub Khan and his government. India and Pakistan agreed to a cease-fire on Sept. 22, though not without Pakistans Zulikfar Ali Bhutto, the foreign minister at the time, threatening that Pakistan would leave the United Nations if the Kashmir situation wasnt settled. His ultimatum carried no timetable. Bhutto called India a great monster, a great aggressor. The cease-fire was not substantial beyond a demand that both sides put down their arms and a pledge to send international observers to Kashmir. Pakistan renewed its call for a referendum by Kashmirs mostly Muslim population of 5 million to decide the regions future, in accordance with a 1949 UN resolution. India continued to resist conducting such a plebiscite. The 1965 war, in sum, settled nothing and merely put off future conflicts.

Workplace report (2000 Words) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Workplace report (2000 Words) - Essay Example Strategic Leadership, innovation and commitment to the stakeholders of the concern are some of the right keywords that can be effectively related to Wal-Mart operating in the international retail paradigm (â€Å"Our Storey†). The Organisational Structure of the Company shown in the Appendix reflects a Hybrid Form where specialised units are created by the concern that focuses on addressing the needs of specific departments and also other international regions. Relating to the departments specific heads are deputed that take care of the legal, merchandising, sourcing, and electronic and web commerce and also financial and corporate affairs of Wal-Mart. Again pertaining to the regions effective decentralisation is practiced by creating heads and deputy heads for international regions relating to Asia and European countries (â€Å"Walmart†). Rational model related to decision-making functions rests mainly along four steps that can be underlined as follows. The Rational Model moves along in firstly Identifying a Potential Problem; secondly the model endeavours to Generate Effective Solutions to the Problem identified, thirdly and fourthly the model probes to Select a Solution from the List of Generated Ones and tends to Evaluate its Feasibility in meeting desired ends respectively. Thus the Rational Model is based on a series of Logical Steps that aims at finding an Optimal Solution to the Problem identified. Rational Model is also based on some assumptions reflecting that the manager takes decisions in a well informed environment (Kreitner and Knicki 337). The Normative Model as rendered by Herbert Simon contrary to the Rational Model tends to operate based on an environment of uncertainty. This model being non-rational in nature tends to follow assumptions wherein the manager is not held to work in an informative work environment such that decisions can be taken in an

A Comparison Among the Writings of Taylor, Palmer and Emerson Essay

A Comparison Among the Writings of Taylor, Palmer and Emerson - Essay Example It is the classic quandary: if an all-powerful God loved us, why does He allow a man to be harmed by evil? Taylor’s response reconciles God as all-good, man as a moral being, and evil as the result of human choice. Moral depravity is his sinful character, his â€Å"state of mind and heart† that pertains to â€Å"guilt† and â€Å"wrath†. God created man to be good, but at the same time allows man the choice of whether to be obedient to His divine will or to pursue his own selfish interests. Man is saved if he chooses to follow God’s will rather than his own. Sin, therefore, is seen as an integral part of salvation. By giving in to his moral depravity, man creates the evil, not God. However, because he has a choice, man can rise from this moral depravity and choose God, thereby meriting salvation. God did not create the evil, but by allowing man the freedom to choose evil he also afforded man the chance to choose well. This debunks the notion that God could have prevented all sin or at least the present degree of sin. In Taylor’s works, he speaks of God as a personal Father, with a mind and will whose intentions man tries to understand. God provides the opportunity for man to exercise his moral nature, that is, to choose the virtuous over the evil. The interaction between God and man is one of dynamic interaction, with God offering the choice and man taking the volition to make the choice. Palmer was more of a mystical writer. She espoused the experience of holiness as the road to sanctification. Holiness is seen as a mystical union with God. It is only when one abandons his own efforts and surrenders all to God that he gets to experience the faith necessary for him to live a sinless life. Sanctification is obtained when one is united with Christ, bathed in the blood of Christ, because it is only through Him that man can reach God.